• 专利附录
  • 专利说明
  • 权利要求
  • 类似技术
  • 同族专利
  • 引用文献
  • 法律状态
  • 优先权
    • 专利摘要:
    A mini-turbine flow meter (1) is intended to be used in an oil well (101) to measure a linear speed of the fluid and / or a direction of the fluid (F1, F2) of a fluid (100) present in the oil well (101). It comprises an impeller (2) formed with a plurality of blades (3) extending axially fixed longitudinally to a shaft (4), the shaft (4) extending along a longitudinal axis (XX '), the impeller (2) being caused to rotate at an angular speed of the impeller as a function of the linear speed of the fluid and in a direction of rotation (Rt1, Rt2) as a function of the direction of the fluid (F1, F2); and a support (5) having a bearing (6, 7) positioned at each end of the shaft (4) and a through hole (8) fixing an optical section (9). The optical section (9) comprises a transmitting optical fiber (E), a first receiving optical fiber (R1) and a second receiving optical fiber (R2), the distal ends of the optical fibers (10) directed towards the blades (3) defining an optical path (11) offset from the longitudinal axis of the shaft (XX ') and positioned so as to face a rotation path of a blade. The vanes (3) are reflective so that in operation, light energy (IE) emitted by the emitting optical fiber (E) and reflected back by any of the vanes (3) is received by the first optical fiber receiving (R1) and / or the second receiving optical fiber (R2), the reflected light energy (IR) containing information indicating the linear speed of the fluid and / or the direction of the fluid (F1, F2).
    公开号:FR3082224A1
    申请号:FR1854974
    申请日:2018-06-07
    公开日:2019-12-13
    发明作者:Eric Donzier；Linda ABBASSI；Emmanuel Tavernier
    申请人:OPENFIELD；
    IPC主号:
    专利说明:

    MINI-TURBINE FLOWMETER AND DOWNHOLE TOOL INCLUDING A MINI-TURBINE FLOWMETER ARRAY FOR OPERATING IN A HYDROCARBON WELL.
    TECHNICAL FIELD [002] The invention relates to a mini-turbine flow meter intended for use in an oil well and a downhole tool comprising a network of such mini-turbine flow meters. The invention applies in particular to the measurement of the speed and direction of the fluid phase in a fluid mixture circulating in a hydrocarbon well, in particular for deducing the flow rate and the proportions of the different phases (oil, gas and water). The invention is particularly applicable in a severe downhole environment comprising a high temperature (up to 200 ° C), a high pressure (up to 2,000 bar) and a corrosive fluid.
    STATE OF THE ART [004] US 8,646,327 describes a bidirectional fluid flow sensor. The sensor includes a turbine or an impeller configured to rotate along an axis because the fluid flows in the direction of the axis and passes in front of the turbine; a magnet mounted on the turbine and configured to rotate with the turbine; and a magnetic flux angle sensor disposed near the turbine and configured to detect the relative flux angle of the magnet when it rotates.
    The disadvantage of such conventional solutions is that they are based on the magnetic detection of the rotation of the impeller. In the context of oil wells, there is dust and metallic debris circulating in the fluid mixture. Such metal dust and debris results, for example, from corrosion of the various metal conduits / tubes involved in the exploration and production operations for oil wells. Such metal dust and debris are easily attracted to the magnetic field involved by the above-mentioned sensor. They adhere to elements of the sensor creating unbalanced rotating parts, and / or disturb the measurements and / or foul the rotating parts.
    SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION An object of the invention is to provide a mini-turbine flow meter which overcomes one or more of the limitations or drawbacks of the existing speed sensor. Another object of the invention is to provide a miniaturized fluid speed sensor which can be easily deployed to carry out local measurements in hydrocarbon wells.
    In one aspect, there is provided a mini-turbine flow meter for use in a hydrocarbon well for measuring a linear speed of the fluid and / or a direction of the fluid of a fluid present in the well. hydrocarbons, comprising:
    an impeller formed with a plurality of axially extending vanes fixed longitudinally to a shaft, the shaft extending along a longitudinal axis, the impeller being caused to rotate at an angular speed depending on the linear speed of the fluid and in a direction of rotation as a function of the direction of the fluid;
    a support having a bearing positioned at each end of the shaft and a through hole fixing an optical section;
    said optical section comprising a transmitting optical fiber, a first receiving optical fiber and a second receiving optical fiber, the distal ends of the optical fibers directed towards the blades defining an optical path offset from the longitudinal axis of the shaft and positioned so as to face a rotation path of a blade; and the blades are reflective so that in operation, light energy emitted by the emitting optical fiber and reflected back by any of the blades is received by the first receiving optical fiber and / or the second receiving optical fiber, l reflected light energy containing information indicating the linear speed of the fluid and / or the direction of the fluid.
    The emitting optical fiber can be coupled to a light energy source and the first and second receiving optical fibers are respectively coupled to first and second light energy detectors, and the detectors can be connected to an electronic card integrating a measurement circuit and a processing circuit.
    The light energy source, the first and second light energy detectors and the electronic card can be arranged in a housing separate from the support and coupled to the latter by a protective tube housing the emitting and receiving optical fibers of waterproof way.
    A wavelength of the light energy source can extend from the visible (about 400 nm to about 700 nm) to the infrared (about 700 nm to about 1 mm).
    The distal ends of the optical fiber can be protected by an optical window closing the through hole.
    The through hole may extend parallel to the longitudinal axis.
    The support can be a U-shaped stirrup.
    The blades can be helical blades or blades.
    The mini-turbine flow meter can have four blades.
    The optical window and the bearings can be made of sapphire, the impeller and the support can be made of stainless steel.
    In another aspect, there is provided a downhole tool used to measure and analyze a fluid present in a hydrocarbon well, the tool being adapted to be moved along and inside the well d hydrocarbons and comprising a plurality of mini-turbine flowmeters according to the invention distributed angularly.
    According to yet another aspect, provision is made for the use of a mini-turbine flowmeter according to the invention for measuring a linear speed of the fluid and / or a direction of the fluid of a fluid present in a well. hydrocarbons.
    Thanks to the invention, it is possible to operate the optical miniturbine flow meter under pressures, temperatures, shocks and extreme corrosive environments while retaining excellent metrological performance. In addition, the manner of measuring the rotation of the impeller by reflection of light has absolutely no effect on the friction of the shaft and on the balance of the impeller. In addition, it is possible to miniaturize the optical mini-turbine flow meter so that it can be integrated into a network that can be deployed at various locations in an oil well in order to carry out local measurements. In addition, the arrangement of the optical mini-turbine flow meter in a downhole tool makes it possible to take into account precisely the stratification of different phases in horizontal and inclined wells. Because the optical mini-turbine flowmeter does not have a magnetic part, there is no risk of attracting magnetic debris and therefore it is intrinsically balanced with respect to the rotation of the impeller along its axis which that is the quantity of magnetic debris circulating in the oil well.
    Other advantages will appear on reading the description of the invention which follows.
    SUMMARY DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS The present invention is illustrated by means of examples and is not limited to the appended drawings, in which identical references indicate similar elements:
    • FIGURES 1 to 3 are perspective views from different angles illustrating an optical mini-turbine flow meter according to the invention;
    • FIGURES 4, 5 and 7 are respectively a top view, a side view and a front view illustrating a flow meter with optical mini-turbine according to the invention;
    • FIGURE 6 is a sectional view along the plane AA of FIGURE 5 illustrating an optical mini-turbine flow meter according to the invention;
    • FIGURES 8 to 12 are schematic views illustrating the operating principle of a flowmeter with an optical mini-turbine according to the invention; and FIGURES 13 and 14 are perspective views comprising detailed views illustrating examples of downhole tools incorporating a network of optical mini-turbine flowmeters according to the invention.
    DETAILED DESCRIPTION The invention will be understood on reading the description which follows, made with reference to the accompanying drawings.
    FIGURES 1 to 7 are views illustrating the optical mini-turbine flow meter 1 which is intended to be used in oil wells, that is to say under extreme conditions of temperature, pressure and corrosion as encountered in oil wells. In operation, the mini optical turbine flow meter 1 measures the linear speed of the fluid and / or the direction of the fluid in the fluid mixture present in a hydrocarbon well.
    The optical mini-turbine flow meter 1 comprises an impeller 2 formed with a plurality of blades 3 extending axially fixed longitudinally to a shaft 4. In the present example, the optical mini-turbine flow meter comprises four blades 3 and blades 3 are helical blades. The shaft 4 extends along a longitudinal axis XX '. The vanes can be symmetrical in order to allow a similar sensitivity in a fluid direction F1 and in the reverse fluid direction F2. The outside diameter of the impeller 2 is small enough to be mounted on one of the plurality of centering arms distributed angularly from a downhole tool as illustrated in FIGURES 13, 14 and can thus be part of a network of angularly distributed flowmeters. Typically, the diameter can range from 5 mm to 20 mm. A local flow section that can be measured is between 20 mm 2 and 310 mm 2 . Thus, a miniaturized optical mini-turbine flow meter 1 makes it possible to perform a local flow measurement.
    The impeller 2 is arranged to rotate around the longitudinal axis XX 'due to the fluid flowing in the general direction F1 / F2 of said axis. The impeller 2 is caused to rotate at an angular speed of the impeller (that is to say in revolutions per minute) as a function of the linear speed of the fluid and in a direction of rotation Rt1 respectively Rt2 depending on the direction of the fluid F1, respectively F2.
    The optical mini-turbine flow meter 1 also comprises a support 5 in the form of a U-shaped stirrup. The support comprises a bearing 6, 7 positioned at each end of the shaft 4. The bearings 6, 7 may be made of a sapphire type stone, although any other low friction material may be suitable. The impeller 2 and the support 5 can be made of stainless steel. The vanes 3 can be made of stainless steel or plastic. The support also comprises a through hole 8 ensuring the fixing of an optical section 9. In this embodiment, the through hole 8 extends along an axis YY 'parallel to the longitudinal axis XX' but offset from the latter .
    The optical section 9 comprises an emitting optical fiber E, a first receiving optical fiber R1 and a second receiving optical fiber R2. The distal ends of the optical fiber 10 directed towards the blades 3 define an optical path 11 (see FIGURE 5) offset with respect to the longitudinal axis XX 'of the shaft and positioned so as to face a rotation path d 'a dawn. The distal ends of the optical fiber 10 can be protected by an optical window 12 closing the through hole 8 in a sealed manner. The optical window 12 can be made of sapphire. Thus, the optical window 12 is capable of withstanding the severe environment of the bottom of the well and of preventing the mixture of fluid from migrating inside the optical section 9, namely between the optical fibers E, R1, R2.
    The emitting optical fiber E is coupled to a light energy source
    13. The first R1 and second R2 receiving optical fibers are respectively coupled to the first 14 and second 15 light energy detectors. The detectors 14, 15 are connected to an electronic card 16 integrating a measurement circuit 17 and a processing circuit 18 (see FIGURE 5). The electrical connection for supplying electrical energy to the electronic card 16 and the digital output of the electronic card 16 are not shown in the drawings.
    The light energy source 13, the first 14 and second 15 light energy detectors and the electronic card 16 can be arranged in a housing 30 (see FIGURES 13 and 14) separated from the support 5 and coupled to it. ci by a protective tube 19 sealingly housing the emitting optical fibers E and receiving R1, R2. A wavelength of light energy of the light energy source 13 can range from visible (about 400 nm to about 700 nm) to infrared (about 700 nm to about 1 mm). The light energy source 13 is a coherent light source, for example a light-emitting diode LED or a laser. The infrared range is particularly suitable when the speed of a fluid mixture consisting mainly of crude oil must be measured. The first 14 and second 15 light energy detectors are adapted to the wavelength of light energy emitted by the light energy source 13.
    The optical section 9 and the impeller 2 are mounted in the support 5 removably. The protective tube 19 is inserted into the through hole 8 and locked in place by a screw 20 perpendicular to the through hole 8. In addition, a bearing is mounted in a rod 21 inserted in another through hole 22 and locked in place by a screw 23 extending perpendicular to the through hole 22. This particular assembly offers flexibility in changing the optical section 9 and the impeller 2 to adapt the optical mini-turbine flow meter to the type of oil well. In this particular context, the standard term designates the relative quantity of each phase (oil, gas, water) in the mixture of multiphase fluids that can be encountered in the oil well.
    The vanes 3 are reflective. The vanes 3 can be made of stainless steel which is sufficiently polished to reflect the wavelength of light energy of the light energy source 13. Alternatively, the vanes 3 can be made of plastic coated of a metallic layer. Thus, in operation, a light energy emitted IE by the emitting optical fiber E and reflected back IR by any one of the blades 3 is received by the first receiving optical fiber R1 and / or the second receiving optical fiber R2. The reflected light energy IR is detected by the first 14 and second 15 light energy detectors, transformed into electrical signals which are analyzed by the measurement circuit 17 and the processing circuit 18 to determine the linear speed of the fluid and / or the direction of the fluid as explained below.
    FIGURES 8 to 12 are schematic views illustrating the operating principle of a flow meter with an optical mini-turbine according to the invention. FIGURES 8 to 11 show the rotational movement of a blade 3 in front of the distal ends 10 of the transmitting optical fiber E, the first R1 and the second R2 receiving optical fibers. FIGURE 12 illustrates the optical signal IR1 measured by the first light energy detector 14 (upper part) and the optical signal IR2 measured by the second light energy detector 15 (lower part). The rotation of the blades 3 in front of the distal ends of the optical fiber 10 and crossing the optical path 11 (see FIGURE 5) causes a reflection of the light energy emitted by the emitting optical fiber E towards the first R1 and / or the second R2 receiving optical fiber. When there is no blade 3 crossing the optical path 11 as shown in FIGURE 8, the optical signal IR1, respectively IR2 measured by the first 14, respectively second 15 light energy detectors, is substantially zero. When the blade 3 crosses the optical path 11 as shown in FIGURE 9 and faces the first receiving optical fiber R1, the first optical signal IR1 measured by the first light energy detector 14 is substantially maximum, while the second optical signal IR2 measured by the second light energy detector 15 is substantially zero. When the blade 3 crosses the optical path 11 as shown in FIGURE 10 and faces the emitting optical fiber E and the two receiving optical fibers R1, R2, the first IR1 and second IR2 optical signals measured by the first 14 and second 15 light energy detectors are substantially maximum. When the blade 3 crosses the optical path 11 as shown in FIGURE 11 and faces the second receiving optical fiber R2, the first optical signal IR1 measured by the first light energy detector 14 is substantially zero, while the second optical signal IR2 measured by the second light energy detector 15 is substantially maximum. The difference in time of appearance of the signal on each detector makes it possible to interpret the direction of rotation of the impeller. When the first optical signal IR1 is ahead of the second optical signal IR2 by a time difference AI (ie part left of FIGURE 12), this means that the impeller 2 rotates in a counterclockwise direction Rt1. Conversely, when the first optical signal IR1 is delayed with respect to the second optical signal IR2 by a time difference A2 (right part of FIGURE 12), this means that the impeller 2 rotates in a clockwise direction Rt2. Therefore, the optical miniturbine flow meter is bidirectional.
    The rate of reflected energy light measured by the light energy detectors can be linked to the speed of the fluid and can be determined by the measurement circuit 17 and the processing circuit 18. The order of succession of the reflected light energy measured by the first 14 and the second 15 light energy detectors can be connected to the direction of the fluid and can be interpreted by the measurement circuit 17 and the processing circuit 18. Based on the calibration, the processing circuit 18 can also deduct the flow rate from the speed of the fluid.
    FIGURES 13 and 14 are perspective views including detailed views illustrating examples of downhole tools 40, 50 incorporating a network of optical mini-turbine flowmeters according to the invention. Such a downhole tool 40, 50 is used to measure and analyze the fluid mixture 100 present in the oil well 101. The downhole tool 40, 50 comprises various subsets 31 and various sensors 32, for example pressure sensors, temperature sensors, resistivity sensors, acoustic sensors, etc. The downhole tool 40, 50 is adapted to move along and inside the hydrocarbon well. In the exemplary embodiments, the downhole tool 40, 50 comprises a network of optical mini-turbine flowmeters 1 secured to the deploying arm 34 of the arc spring 33. Thus, the mini-turbine flowmeters 1 can be distributed angularly in the oil well 101. As a variant, the network of optical mini-turbine flow meters 1 can also be fixed to the internal face of the arc spring 33. The network of optical mini-turbine flow meters 1 can be used to determine the different flow regimes of the fluid mixture 100 present in the oil well 101. This can be particularly useful for making local measurements in horizontal or deviated oil wells where the liquids flow separately from the gas and even in opposite directions due to the stratification phenomenon.
    The drawings and their description above illustrate rather than limit the invention. Note that the embodiments of the present invention are suitable for wells having any deviation from the vertical. In the petroleum industry, in particular during production operations, all the embodiments of the present invention are also applicable to cased and uncased wells (open wells) and also to other types of downhole pipes or downhole devices where fluid can flow. In addition, the fluid can flow or remain at rest / be static in the duct. In addition, while the embodiments have been shown in which the longitudinal axis of the optical mini-turbine flow meter is directed parallel to the direction of flow of the fluid, these are only non-limiting examples because the flow meter Optical miniturbines can also operate correctly when the longitudinal axis is angularly offset from the direction of flow of the fluid.
    权利要求:
    Claims (12)
    [1" id="c-fr-0001]
    1. A mini-turbine flow meter (1) intended to be used in an oil well (101) to measure a linear speed of the fluid and / or a direction of the fluid (F1, F2) of a fluid (100) present in the oil well (101), comprising:
    - an impeller (2) formed with a plurality of blades (3) extending axially fixed longitudinally to a shaft (4), the shaft (4) extending along a longitudinal axis (XX ' ), the impeller (2) being caused to rotate at an angular speed of the impeller as a function of the linear speed of the fluid and in a direction of rotation (Rt1, Rt2) as a function of the direction of the fluid (F1, F2 );
    - a support (5) having a bearing (6, 7) positioned at each end of the shaft (4) and a through hole (8) fixing an optical section (9);
    - said optical section (9) comprising a transmitting optical fiber (E), a first receiving optical fiber (R1) and a second receiving optical fiber (R2), the distal ends of the optical fibers (10) directed towards the blades (3) defining an optical path (11) offset from the longitudinal axis of the shaft (XX 1 ) and positioned so as to face a rotation path of a blade; and
    - the blades (3) are reflective so that in operation, a light energy (IE) emitted by the emitting optical fiber (E) and reflected back by any of the blades (3) is received by the first fiber receiving optical (R1) and / or the second receiving optical fiber (R2), the reflected light energy (IR) containing information indicating the linear speed of the fluid and / or the direction of the fluid (F1, F2).
    [2" id="c-fr-0002]
    2. The mini-turbine flow meter according to claim 1, in which the emitting optical fiber (E) is coupled to a light energy source (13) and the first and second receiving optical fibers (R1, R2) are coupled respectively first and second light energy detectors (14, 15), and in which the detectors (14, 15) are connected to an electronic card (16) integrating a measurement circuit (17) and a processing circuit (18 ).
    [3" id="c-fr-0003]
    3. The mini-turbine flow meter according to claim 2, in which the light energy source (13), the first and second light energy detectors (14,
    15) and the electronic card (16) are arranged in a housing separate from the support (5) and coupled to the latter, in a sealed manner, by a protective tube (19) housing the emitting and receiving optical fibers (E, R1, R2).
    [4" id="c-fr-0004]
    4. The mini-turbine flow meter according to any one of claims 1 to 3, in which a wavelength of the light energy source (13) extends from the visible (about 400 nm to about 700 nm) infrared (about 700 nm to about 1 mm).
    [5" id="c-fr-0005]
    5. The mini-turbine flow meter according to any one of claims 1 to 4, in which the distal ends of the optical fiber (10) are protected by an optical window (12) closing the through hole (8).
    [6" id="c-fr-0006]
    6. The mini-turbine flow meter according to any one of claims 1 to 5, in which the through hole (8) extends parallel to the longitudinal axis (XX ').
    [7" id="c-fr-0007]
    7. The mini-turbine flow meter according to any one of claims 1 to 6, in which the support (5) is a U-shaped stirrup.
    [8" id="c-fr-0008]
    8. The mini-turbine flow meter according to any one of claims 1 to 7, in which the blades (3) are helical blades or blades.
    [9" id="c-fr-0009]
    9. The mini-turbine flow meter according to any one of claims 1 to 8, comprising four blades (3).
    [10" id="c-fr-0010]
    10. The mini-turbine flow meter according to any one of claims 5 to 9, in which the optical window (12) and the bearings (6, 7) are made of sapphire, the impeller (2) and the support ( 5) are made of stainless steel.
    [11" id="c-fr-0011]
    11. A downhole tool (40, 50) used to measure and analyze a fluid (100) present in an oil well, the tool <40, 50) being adapted to be moved along and inside the hydrocarbon well (101) and comprising a plurality of mini-turbine flowmeters (1) according to any one of claims 1 to 10 angularly distributed.
    [12" id="c-fr-0012]
    12. Use of a mini-turbine flow meter (1) according to any one of claims 1 to 10 for measuring a linear speed of the fluid and / or a direction of the fluid (F1, F2) of a fluid mixture ( 100) present in an oil well (101).
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    法律状态:
    2019-05-21| PLFP| Fee payment|Year of fee payment: 2 |
    2019-12-13| PLSC| Search report ready|Effective date: 20191213 |
    2020-06-16| PLFP| Fee payment|Year of fee payment: 3 |
    2021-06-09| PLFP| Fee payment|Year of fee payment: 4 |
    优先权:
    申请号 | 申请日 | 专利标题
    FR1854974A|FR3082224B1|2018-06-07|2018-06-07|MINI-TURBINE FLOWMETER AND DOWNHOLE TOOL COMPRISING A MINI-TURBINE FLOWMETER ARRAY FOR OPERATING IN A HYDROCARBON WELL.|
    FR1854974|2018-06-07|FR1854974A| FR3082224B1|2018-06-07|2018-06-07|MINI-TURBINE FLOWMETER AND DOWNHOLE TOOL COMPRISING A MINI-TURBINE FLOWMETER ARRAY FOR OPERATING IN A HYDROCARBON WELL.|
    US16/430,780| US11131570B2|2018-06-07|2019-06-04|Mini-spinner flowmeter and downhole tool comprising an array of mini-spinner flowmeters for operation in hydrocarbon well|
    GB1908035.7A| GB2576228B|2018-06-07|2019-06-05|A mini-spinner flowmeter and downhole tool|
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